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13 — Box Plot & IQR Outliers

A box plot is a 5-number summary: min · Q1 · median · Q3 · max. Points farther than k·IQR from the box are flagged as outliers (Tukey's rule, k=1.5 by default).

Q1
Median (Q2)
Q3
IQR
Outliers
1.5
Tukey's rule: lower fence = Q1 − k·IQR, upper fence = Q3 + k·IQR. Slide k down to flag more, up to flag fewer. k=1.5 is the default; k=3 marks only extreme outliers.